Science Archives | Page 4 of 4 | European Springs Ireland

All over the world, there are groups of knowledgeable individuals and teams on a constant search for new and innovative solutions in science, engineering and technology. Here at European Springs Ireland, we love to keep on top of it. We have a great piece of news for all those interested in related news and research, and this one is sure to put a spring in your step. That’s right… Energy recycling stairs which are spring-loaded! But what is this innovative technology and how will it work?

Research from the US

Researchers in the US have built energy recycling stairs that can store the user’s energy during their movement, returning the energy to the user during the ascent. This ultimately makes their trip easier and could be a potential way to improve health and help certain injuries and mobility issues.

Easy on the Knees and Ankles

The invention of these stairs can not only save energy through impact but can brake forces from the ankle by 26%. When a person is ascending the stairs, the technology will give the user a boost as it releases the stored-up energy from the descent. It will make it 37% easier on the knee compared to conventional stairs. This lower power device doesn’t require a complete separate staircase but can be placed on an existing one. It also doesn’t have to be permanent.

Spring in Your Step

When we thought going up stairs was a bit too difficult, springs come to the rescue! It works through each and every step being tethered by springs and also equipped with pressure sensors on each step. When the walker descends the staircase, each step will slowly sink until it locks and is level with the next step. The stair then stays this way until someone walks up the stairs.

When someone then goes to ascend the staircase on the sensor, the latch on the lower step releases and the energy which has been stored in the springs are released, lifting the back leg.

The research was published in a journal in the US in PLOS ONE, where the author explained their initial idea to use energy recycling prosthetic shoes to assist in going up stairs. Karen Liu, an associate professor in Georgia Techs school of Computing, states:

“Unlike normal walking where each heel-strike dissipates energy that can be potentially restored, stair ascent is actually very energy efficient; most energy you put in goes into potential energy to lift you up”

“But then I realised that going downstairs is quite wasteful. You dissipate energy to stop yourself from falling, and I thought it would be great if we could store the energy wasted during descent and return it to the user during ascent.”

She worked alongside a professor in Biomedical Engineering at the same university to develop the research and prototypes.

The Story and The Benefits

When conducting the research, they didn’t expect, prior to the design, that their invention would actually see ease of impact. The professor initially got the idea when she attended an industry conference where she saw an ankle brace that did a similar thing using springs, to store and release energy. When she thought about her 72-year-old mother and her difficulties upstairs, she knew that she would never wear the brace. Then came the idea of smart stairs.

The researchers believe that the stairs could have numerous health benefits and also be extremely helpful to anyone recovering from surgery or for pregnant women. It could be useful for people who only need assistance for a short amount of time.

This is proof that with innovative thoughts, an engineering mindset, some springs and some research, you can conjure up an engineering marvel!

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The connection between engineers and mechanics can sometimes be unclear, and although they work together to put all the pieces of industry puzzles together, they are both very separate entities. In terms of automotive engineers and mechanics, engineers work on vehicles in a broader sense and are involved in everything from designing and developing new vehicles to improving performance. On the other hand, mechanics diagnose and repair vehicles, typically in a garage or workshop.

But what are the main differences and how do they work together to complete the entire process?

What are the Responsibilities of an Automotive Engineer?

Engineers in the automotive industry tend to not only work for auto manufacturing companies, but for engineering firms, governmental agencies and other industries and firms that require the skills and expertise of an engineer. Many engineers work on the actual creation of vehicles, assisting in the act of designing the systems and all components involved. Some engineers assist in analysing the systems and any problems that may occur to hope for improvements or changes.

Engineers are vital to the manufacturing industry and all the processes that connect to it, from ongoing oversight to ensuring the automobile is safe for public use. As a branch of vehicle engineering, not only do automobile engineers work in the conventional car design and manufacturing, but they are equally as important in aerospace and marine engineering, which can incorporate skills and elements of safety, electronic, mechanical, electrical and software engineering. These skills are all assets of an automotive engineer applied from design to manufacturing, and operations of trucks, motorcycles, trains, and all subsystems within.

What About the Responsibilities of an Automotive Mechanic?

Automotive mechanics usually aren’t involved in the design side of the industry and usually work in repair shops or garages, either at a shop which repairs vehicles or with a dealer that works with a specific brand. Mechanics in this sense usually work in direct correlation with drivers – in the way that engineers don’t.

Mechanics work to identify a source of a problem with aim to fix the issue. They can discuss the operations of a vehicle, and use their knowledge to ensure the vehicle operates to optimum level. A part of an automotive mechanics job is to also make sure that the vehicle is safe for road operation, which is similar in certain ways to the responsibilities of an engineer. Many mechanics can specialise in a certain area, but with the advancement in technology, the job role of a mechanic has evolved to needing a wider spread knowledge, including electronical technology knowledge. Vehicles now possess modern technology which gives extra demand to the workers in this industry.

Does the Training and Education Differ?

Engineers tend to have a minimum of a bachelor’s degree in a related industry, but many will progress onto further education to allow them to specialise more closely in the industry. Mechanics in this industry usually need to have a minimum of high school education or equivalent, but unlike an engineer, they will receive extensive training in their area. This will require years of hands on training and tutoring to be ready to take on the industry fully.

How Do the Two Work Together?

Not only in the automotive industry but any type of engineer, whether electrical, civil or mechanical, technically needs the aftercare of a mechanic to keep the industry striving. An engineer could be said to be the backbone behind the automotive businesses, needed for design and specifics in creation of the technology, although mechanics will also know basics of their industry, and vice versa to synergise the entire process smoothly. Although the two jobs are different, and some may complicate the two sometimes, they would not work without each other.

An engineer needs to apply skills and principles of physics and material science into the design, manufacturing and analysis of the mechanical systems, although the tradesmen in mechanics will utilise their skills to build or repair the machinery alongside.

Without either of these job titles, the industry could not be what it is today, and both are equally as important as one another. At European Springs Ireland we are proud to be a part of the industry, and not only do we work in conjunction with the automotive industry, but in many related businesses, such as Electronics and Hydraulics. If you would like to know any more about our skills and services including manufacturing torsion springs, tension springs and compression springs, we would love for you to:

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British Science week; an entire week where people from around the world get together to embrace, indulge, and celebrate in all aspects of science. From 10-19 March the world is brought closer together, by the wonder of science and everything it includes; from the biology of bees to the science of springs!

With events happening all over Britain, there are plenty of opportunities to stimulate the mind and participate in several exciting activities and events. There is still time to get to an event, as the festival is running all week, and you can even organise an event yourself via the BSA. Even if you aren’t planning to visit this year, at least you have plenty of time to prepare for next year. We have pin-pointed a few ways that you can get involved in the week of British science celebrations!

Penguin Watch!

The citizen science project at the BSW this year, is all things penguin! They have collaborated with ‘Zooniverse’ on a visual project, to be able to monitor penguins at over 100 sites! With the help of you and the rest of the public, the plan is to annotate thousands of images of penguins and their habitats from over the past 3 years. By doing this and taking part in the penguin watch, you can assist in understanding the species and improving conservation. Your analysis of the images can speed up the process from the extraction process. You can get started by visiting their website www.penguinwatch.org. The citizen science project differs every year, but no matter what you can be involved!

Run or Organise an Event

The British Science Week wouldn’t be able to happen if it wasn’t for people, like you, being pro-active and running activities. It isn’t as difficult as you might think to take a little time and effort, and you could then be influencing and teaching aspiring scientists. There are a few points you should consider before delving into organisation. Consider what your main objective is, who you audience is and what your teaching subject is. Other important factors are your budget, location, and promotion.

Organising an event or activity for BSW can be a lot of fun, and doesn’t have to take up a huge chunk of your time. Even if you don’t have much experience, and think therefore you shouldn’t take part; well your wrong! We have many resources to help you well on your way, and can even provide presenters and teachers if you require. There are many more helpful tips on the official sites, online guide. No matter the size of your plans; from a science quiz for your students to a hired hall and a seminar; the limits are endless.

Sponsor BSW

The BSW provides an amazing stand for stimulation and support, reaching over a million participants every year. They offer a range of corporate partnerships, such as an associate sponsorship, or a sponsor of a specific activity or component of the week. This could be including the competitions, behind the scenes or digital badges. Being a sponsor and helping the British Science Week comes with many benefits, ranging from great branding opportunities to employee engagement.

The week-long celebrations don’t just commemorate and rejoice the world of science, but all aspects of technology, maths, and engineering. By engaging everybody and getting people involved in these fascinating worlds, BSW can educate and entertain the world, one step at a time. We have only gone into minute detail of what the British Science Week has in store for you. You can find out much more on their website.

As specialist spring manufacturers, we understand the need to spread the joys of engineering and science. The future of science lies in the hands of the next generation, and as we bring a true spring into the wonders of engineering, we can educate the world on the industries.

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The most common metal that is used to manufacture springs is an alloy of steel and carbon; an alloy normally referred to as carbon steel that can contain various percentages of carbon depending on the final use.

However, various spring manufacturers, such as European Springs Ireland, tend to use additional metals that alter the chemical structure and behaviour of springs. As such, we have listed a couple of popular metals that are used, as well as carbon steel, to enhance the properties of springs that are used across the world.

Chromium

Chromium is a transition metal that traditionally has a grey colour. Naturally, it is a hard metal that has a relatively high boiling point. The reason chromium is used is because of its high resistance to corrosion and hardness.

When added to steel, chromium increases the structural hardness of the alloy itself, which is great for springs (like compression springs or die springs) that are used in an incredibly heavy bearing environment, such as vehicle suspension in heavy duty or high-performance vehicles. It can also be used in environments where the temperatures are relatively high, such as in oil drilling.

Silicon

Silicon is an element that is so common on Earth that it is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. Silicon is widely distributed throughout all types of matter, anything from sand and glass to common silicates such as those found in electronic boards and in our favourite porcelain and ceramic dishes.

Because of its various uses, it’s easy to deduce that silicon is incredibly hard and it also can withstand incredibly high temperatures. As such, spring manufacturers across the world tend to use silicon in springs where they are required to absorb a large amount of shock, predominantly in race cars.

Stainless Steel

Stainless steel is a non-ferrous alloy that is incredibly tough and has a very high resistance to corrosion. Because it doesn’t contain any iron, stainless steel is nonmagnetic, which is great for applications where there is a rotating electrical current present.

Because of its ductility, hardness and high resistance to corrosion, some stainless steel alloys are used to manufacture highly strong and ductile springs that are used in a multitude of industries; from the medical sector to aerospace, automotive and defence industries.

Since the Industrial Revolution, we have been investigating new and exotic metals to try and improve the standard pieces of equipment that we use in everyday life. As highly specialised spring manufacturers, European Springs Ireland is focused on ensuring that the end result is of the highest quality and is purpose built for the right application.

If you would like to know more about the springs that we manufacture and design, then please get in touch today on 028 9083 8605 and we will be more than happy to discuss any queries you may have.

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It might be the largest planet of our solar system, but since the past 5^th of July we can pride ourselves on having conquered it. After a five-year-long journey – in which it has covered no less than 1.7 billion miles – the probe Juno is finally orbiting around Jupiter.

What is Juno?

This spacecraft is part of the NASA New Frontier Mission and was launched on the 5^th of August, 2011, from Cape Canaveral. Unlike other spacecrafts used in missions in the outer solar system, Juno is not powered by radioisotope thermoelectric generators but solar arrays. These are more common in satellites orbiting the Earth. Nevertheless, in the case of Juno, its three solar array wings are the largest ever developed in a planetary probe and help it to stabilise and generate power.

Juno Operational Components

1. Propulsion

Juno uses hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide for propulsion, providing a thrust of 645 newtons. The vehicle’s orientation is controlled by a monopropellant reaction control system.

2. Telecommunications

Back on Earth, scientists communicate with the spacecraft using a 230ft antenna that utilises an X band direct link. This system is also being used by Juno to send photographs from Jupiter – such as the beautiful ones in which we can see the planet dancing with its four moons.

3. Solar Panels

Juno has only three, symmetrically arranged. Two of them have four hinged segments, and the third one has three segments and a magnetometer. Each panel is 8.9ft by 29ft long, which makes them the largest ones ever used by NASA on a deep-space probe.

Juno’s Travel

1. August 2011

Juno was launched from Earth and placed in a heliocentric orbit.

2. October 2013

After travelling for two years, Juno passed by the Earth again, using the planet’s gravity to propel itself – this manoeuvre has been called a ‘gravitational slingshot’. The spacecraft received a boost in speed of more than 8,800 miles per hour before heading towards Jupiter. But before that, scientists in Earth took advantage of this fly-by and tested some instruments and procedures with Juno.

3. July 2016

When Juno reached Jupiter’s orbit, its trajectory changed from hyperbolic to elliptical. Thanks to this, the spacecraft will be closer to Jupiter than any other machine of its kind before. Besides, it minimises the contact with Jupiter’s dense radiation belts that, potentially, can damage the spacecraft and its solar panels.

4. October 2016

Juno will be orbiting around Jupiter gathering as much information as it can about the planet and its surroundings.

5. February 2018

It is scheduled to disintegrate into Jupiter’s atmosphere. When this happens, it will burn out and disappear very quickly. This has been done so the spacecraft doesn’t collide with any of Jupiter’s moons by accident. This will also reduce the risk of space debris and contamination according with NASA’s Planetary Protection Guidelines.

What Mysteries Will Juno Be Able to Explain?

1. Solid Core

Scientists from all over the world keep arguing about the nature of the gigantic planet’s core. Some of them believe it is solid; others that gases present in the atmosphere go all the way down.

2. Sea of Liquid Metallic Hydrogen

Does this exist? Many people believe so, as it will explain Jupiter’s massive magnetic field and its spectacular auroras.

3. The Great Red Spot

This is giant storm that has been alive for hundreds of years. It works like a hurricane but, as far as we know, these need to feed on the liquid that comes from an ocean – and the existence of such thing seems unlikely in Jupiter’s landscape, which is exclusively formed by gas.

Here at European Springs Ireland we believe in the power of technology – starting with the smallest elements, such as springs – to change everyone’s life. Looking for the perfect spring for your project? Don’t hesitate in contacting our expert team today and we’ll be delighted to help.

19 years ago, a story hit the front page that gave the science industry a huge shake-up. The announcement heralded the arrival of the first successfully cloned animal – Dolly the sheep. Despite being born 7 months earlier, her existence was kept under wraps until February 22^nd 1997. Read on to find out more about Dolly and her impact on the world of science.

The Life of Dolly

Dolly started life as every other living creature does – as an embryo. However, the embryo that was to become Dolly was created through a technique known as somatic cell nuclear transfer which involves inserting the nucleus of a somatic cell into an enucleated egg cell. With the help of an electric current, this cell became an embryo which was inserted into a surrogate and carried to full term.

Dolly was born on 5^th July 1996, a healthy newborn lamb. She lived a relatively normal life, even mothering her own offspring before dying on 14^th February 2003. There was much concern over the health of Dolly during her life, partly due to the discovery that she was suffering from arthritis – something that was feared to be down to her being a clone.

The Impact of Dolly

Although there was much controversy around the birth and life of Dolly, this was a huge success for scientists across the world due to the implications of the successful cloning. So, what are the implications, and where could this technology take us in the future?

Saving Species’

According to the World Wildlife Fund, approximately 10,000 species’ or sub-species go extinct every year. With the successful cloning of Dolly the sheep, we could be looking at the possibility of species’ being saved through this method as was done last year when scientists cloned the endangered mouflon.

Curing Disease

Cloning presents a whole world of medical possibilities, from cloning organs for transplant patients to maybe even curing terminal illness. However, the medical possibilities have their own ethical implications and questions – something that has played a large part in slowing down progress.

Back From the Dead

The release of Jurassic Park sparked the imaginations of people all over the world; could we really bring back the dinosaurs? While the tyrannosaurus rex may be a bit of a stretch, scientists have been conducting research into bringing back species’ such as the woolly mammoth.

Cloning is an extremely complicated and controversial field. While there are clearly benefits of this advancement, the ethical implications cannot be ignored. The biggest issue seems to be in relation to the value of human life. Wherever you fall on the matter, it’s clear to see that cloning could change the way we live our lives, forever.

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